Real-time Full Web Formation and Surface Formation Analysis, PaperCon2017

There are many important paper properties to be controlled for both visual and structural paper web optimization. Recent improvements in machine vision technologies have provided new opportunities for imaging the full web and extracting important paper features in real-time. Web imaging can be based on transmission or reflection measurement. 

Transmission measurement can be used for analyzing paper formation, which is often defined as the small scale variation of the mass distribution of a sheet of paper. Paper formation can be seen by holding any sheet up to the light and observing the “look through”. Good formation normally requires small floc sizes, which improves the printability of a paper product. Several paper formation test methods have been introduced during the past few decades. Most of them have been based on visible light transmission to obtain an opacity map of the sheet. This map is used to determine the histogram of gray levels of the opacity map, which is then used to calculate some index of non-uniformity. 

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