Chemistry Approach to Deal with Low-Quality Fiber and Difficult Wet-end Chemistry Conditions in the Asian and North American Markets, 23TAPPICon
With Japan's high recycling rate and low access to fresh fiber sources, reaching strength targets in manufacturing packaging materials is a challenge. Declining quality of recycled fiber and minimal freshwater consumption results in difficult wet-end chemistry conditions in terms of conductivity and high levels of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS). These trends are somewhat typical of other Asian regions. Due to global trade, Asian packaging materials have become a part of the North American (NA) OCC raw material pool. The gradual closing of mill water circuits for fresh water and energy savings results in more difficult wet-end chemistry conditions being experienced in NA. China's ban on the import of mixed paper and the consequent ban on all wastepaper imports triggered a significant price drop in recycled raw material resulting in plans for increased manufacturing capacity in NA. Between increased demand, decreasing fiber quality, and movement towards more closed white water systems associated with recycled board, methods to overcome strength reduction in raw materials need to be proactively considered for NA. Reviewing the strategies currently used in the Asian industry regarding strength development is an excellent starting place for NA producers. A clear difference between Asian and NA wet end chemistry is the dominant position of amphoteric dry strength agents. This paper reviews the fundamentals of dry strength development that explain the trend towards increased application of amphoteric dry strength technology for poor-quality fiber and highly contaminated water circuits in Asian markets. Development and performance of the novel, 4th generation, amphoteric dry strength technology (labeled as AmPAM in this paper) on selected laboratory and mill case studies is also presented.
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