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Whole mill and bleach plant effluents from production of elementary chlorine free (ECF) and totally chlorine free (TCF) pulp were tested in brackish water mesocosms for a period of 4,5 months. Effects were studied on both ecosystem functional and structural levels as well as on whole- and within-organism levels using rainbow trout as test organism. Responses on both structural and functional levels as well as on individual levels were observed regardless of bleaching process. External treatment decreased the responses. There were no strong differences between ECF and TCF effluents. In this paper only effects of hardwood effluents are presented.
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Assessing the Aquatic Environmental Impact of ECF and TCF Pulping Using Multispecies Mesocosm and Fi