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Tube temperature excursions have been shown to play a role in cracking of composite tubes at primary air ports and have also been implicated in some floor tube failures. It has been suggested that a frozen smelt layer on the tube surface acts as a protective barrier to heat flow into the tube. However, at furnace temperatures above the smelt melting temperature, the frozen layer thickness adjusts itself to accommodate the applied heat flux. The heat transfer to the waterside is totally controlled by the rate at which heat is brought to the frozen layer surface and these heat transfer processes need to be the focus of efforts to understand recovery boiler tube temperature excursions.
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Heat Transfer Considerations in Tube Temperature Excursions in Recovery Boilers, 2005 Engineering, P