Evaporator Fouling 101 - Sodium Salt Crystallization and Soluble-scale Fouling, 2005 Engineering, Pulping & Environmental Conference
This paper reviews the fundamentals of fouling mechanisms in black liquor evaporators, specifically crystallization fundamentals applied to soluble evaporator scales. Much has been learned recently about crystallization of Na2CO3, Na2SO4 and double salts of these species, and its relationship to fouling in black liquor evaporators and high solids concentrators. This recently acquired information, together with solubilities and mass balances, has been used to evaluate the conditions that lead to fouling in black liquor evaporators, and to guide the development of alternative process configurations and modes of operation to control the rate of deposition of soluble scales.
Evaporator Fouling 101 - Sodium Salt Crystallization and Soluble-scale Fouling, 2005 Engineering, Pu