STEADY-STATE ELEMENTAL CHLORINE-FREE (ECF) BLEACH SEQUENCE MODELING FOR OPTIMIZATION: A REVIEW OF TECHNIQUES AND NEW APPLICATIONS, 2011 International Pulp Bleaching Conference

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In this age of volatile chemical and energy prices, the modern ECF bleachery must be able to balance these costs to re-main globally competitive. Too often, attempts to optimize each bleaching stage in isolation often results in overall se-quence sub-optimization. Changes made to one stage in a sequence inevitably affect the operations of preceding and subsequent stages. The objective of this paper is to review some of the recent steady-state multi-stage ECF sequence models and to show how such models can be used in bleach plant optimization. This paper will also introduce how these models can be adapted to study how variable brownstock kappa number and inefficient mixing can affect bleach con-sumption.