Nanofibrous and Nanocomposite Nonwovens for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications using Human Stem Cells, 2011 Innovative Nonwovens Conference

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Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASC) are a particularly promising cell source for tissue engineering applications due to their multilineage differentiation potential and their abundance and ease of harvest relative to many other cell types. We have taken a multi-pronged computational, mechanical, and material approach to our investigations of hASC mechanobiology for functional bone tissue engineering applications. Our methods include: 1) the application of external physical stimuli to hASC via use of custom bioreactor systems that mimic in vivo mechanical stimuli within bone; 2) finite element analyses of cell-seeded constructs exposed to mechanical load in order to determine local stresses and strains associated with global strain applications; and, 3) creation of nanofibrous and nanocomposite materials to induce and accelerate hASC osteogenesis and increase their calcium accretion. Scaffold based strategies for functional bone tissue engineering involve the use of three dimensional, biocompatible, biodegradable structures to provide an adequate template for ex vivo cell expansion and maturation, native tissue ingrowth, and restoration of the original tissue qualities with respect to bone’s biochemical constituents, morphology, form, and function. This presentation will focus on our creation and use of nanofibrous and nanocomposite nonwoven scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using hASC.