GENERAL ANALYSIS OF WATER RECYCLE AT PULP AND PAPER MILLS, 2011 PEERS Conference

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This study was undertaken to quantify the extent of water recycling within the United States pulp and paper industry. The industry has a long history of reducing water use, and progress has been achieved through extensive water recycling in combination with use of less water-intensive process equipment as well as water conservation practices. Since 1959 there has been a 69% reduction in the average volume of treated effluent discharges at pulp and paper mills within the United States (NCASI 1983, 2009a; Miner and Unwin 1991). The first TAPPI1 monograph published in 1942 dealt exclusively with various aspects of water use and reuse within pulp and paper mills (Fleming et al. 1942).