Minimizing Sodium Sulfate - Sodium Carbonate Fouling in Black Liquor Evaporators and High Solids Concentrators, 2012 PEERS Conference

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Fouling of heat transfer surfaces in black liquor evaporators and high solids concentrators by Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄ salt scales continues to be problematic in many kraft pulp mills. This is in spite of the considerable gains made in the past fifteen years in understanding the processes that lead to fouling by Na₂CO₃ and Na₂SO₄. Today’s challenges for controlling Na₂CO₃ - Na₂SO₄ fouling arise from a lack of understanding of how to apply the available crystallization knowledge to the conditions that lead to fouling and the crystallization process itself to minimizing fouling.