Is there Sulfuric Acid in Flue Gases in Biomass Combustion? Measurement Techniques and Results, 2016 Pulping, Engineering, Environmental, Recycling, Sustainability (PEERS) Conference Proceedings

Biomass differs from fossil fuels in many ways. Its sulfur content is normally low and its ash has a high sulfur capturing potential. In the case of black liquor combustion, the alkali release is high relative to sulfur release. Because of this, the final concentration of H₂SO₄(g) formed in the flue gases is low to zero and a sensitive measurement technique is needed. The impinger method, which uses isopropanol to capture sulfuric acid, is a widely used method, although its bias from the absorption of SO2 has been reported. The method was originally developed for flue gases with high sulfuric acid or SO3 content in sulfuric acid plants. However, in flue gases with low or no H₂SO₄, the method should not be used. An alternative to this method is the KCl method, which uses KCl to capture SO₃ or H₂SO₄ as potassium sulfate. With this method, no positive measurement bias is observed and a wide range of H2SO4 concentrations can be measured. This paper presents the easy+to+use field implication of the method, as well as some recent measurements in a grate+fired biomass boiler. The objective of the measurements was to reveal the cause of low+temperature corrosion in a grate fired boiler burning biomass together with non+condensable gases (NCG). Measurements of H₂SO₄(g) were conducted before the scrubber with the KCl method. Additionally, short+term corrosion probe measurements were done to determine the corrosion rate of carbon steel at different material temperatures. The causes of low+temperature corrosion in biomass combustion are discussed in the paper. 

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