Fundamental molecular characterization and comparison of the O, D0, and E stage effluents from hardwood pulp bleaching, TAPPI Journal 2019



Application: The current work is a first attempt at quantifying the organic constituents in elemental chlorine free (ECF) bleaching effluents for various bleaching sequences. These results should help direct future research efforts towards enhanced treatment and impact reduction of ECF bleaching effluents.

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Author: Juliana M. Jardim, Xueyu Du, Peter W. Hart, Lucian Lucia, Hasan Jameel, Hou-Min Chang, & Hanna Graz
Fundamental molecular characterization and comparison of the
ABSTRACT: The present study characterized effluents from the O, D0, and E stages using nuclear magnetic reso-nance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques to better understand the chemical nature of the dissolved organics formed from the bleaching of a high-yield hardwood kraft pulp. Understanding the structures and molecular weight distribution of these organics is the first step in developing methods to mitigate these contam-inates in the discharged effluents. The results indicated that the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the dis-solved organics from oxygen delignification effluent is broader than those from D0 and E stage effluents. In addition, the O stage filtrate contained considerable amounts of lignin and xylan fragments, which showed its efficiency in removing such materials. The effluent from the D0 stage contained a lower amount of high molecular weight frag-ments and a higher amount of low molecular weight fragments versus the O-stage filtrate. Aromatic structures were nearly absent in the D0 stage filtrate, but the degraded organic material, presumably from oxidized lignin, contained olefinic (C=C) and carbonyl (C=O) functional groups. Furthermore, higher molecular weight fragments were detected in the E-stage effluent, presumably due to the extensive solubilization and removal of the oxidized lignin generated from the D0 pulp.
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