Evaluating hardness and the S-test, TAPPI Journal March 2019



Application: Hardness characterizes the initial loading behavior of fluted medium. Further work studying and standardizing a new approach to evaluating this material property would allow it to serve as a more relevant specification for the crush resistance of corrugated medium.

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Author: Doug Cash and Benjamin Frank
Evaluating hardness and the S-test, TAPPI Journal March 2019
ABSTRACT: The corrugated industry typically quantifies crush resistance using the Concora corrugated medium test (CMT) on fluted medium or flat crush on combined board. These tests compress the materials until the point of complete failure of the flutes. Combined board elastically resists crushing forces until a certain point, the hardness of the structure, while additional load causes permanent damage and deformation. This study investigates how hardness can be measured directly from a load curve collected during CMT (or flat crush) testing and how it varies throughout the North American paper supply. It also explores how hardness corre-lates with the values obtained from the newly developed S-test. This new test method deserves further study as a potentially more appropriate specification for crush resistance of corrugated medium.
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