Exergy and sensibility analysis of each individual effect in a kraft multiple effect evaporator, TAPPI Journal October 2019



Application: The exergetic analysis results show that it is possible for mill personnel to determine which evaporators have the highest and lowest energy losses in the actual kraft pulp production process. 

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Author: J. Moreira; B. Lacerda De Oliveira Campos; E. Ferreira Da Costa Junior; A. Oliveira Souza Da Costa
Exergy and sensibility analysis of each individual effect in
ABSTRACT: The multiple effect evaporator (MEE) is an energy intensive step in the kraft pulping process. The exergetic analysis can be useful for locating irreversibilities in the process and pointing out which equipment is less efficient, and it could also be the object of optimization studies. In the present work, each evaporator of a real kraft system has been individually described using mass balance and thermodynamics principles (the first and the second laws). Real data from a kraft MEE were collected from a Brazilian plant and were used for the estimation of heat transfer coefficients in a nonlinear optimization problem, as well as for the validation of the model. An exergetic analysis was made for each effect individually, which resulted in effects 1A and 1B being the least efficient, and therefore having the greatest potential for improvement. A sensibility analysis was also performed, showing that steam temperature and liquor input flow rate are sensible parameters.
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