Understanding extensibility of paper:  Role of fiber elongation and fiber bonding, TAPPI Journal March 2020



Application: Understanding the roles of fiber elongation and bonding is highly significant for the development of new fiber-based packaging products, particularly those intended for three-dimensional (3D) forming. A large increase both in elongation and strength of paper products can only be reached by strengthening fiber-fiber bonding, as demonstrated in this study by the experimental tests and by the micromechanical simulations.

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Author: Jarmo Kouko, Tuomas Turpeinen, Artem Kulachenko, Ulrich Hirn, & Elias Retulainen
Understanding extensibility of paper: Role of fiber elongat
ABSTRACT: The tensile tests of individual bleached softwood kraft pulp fibers and sheets, as well as the micro-mechanical simulation of the fiber network, suggest that only a part of the elongation potential of individual fibers is utilized in the elongation of the sheet. The stress-strain curves of two actual individual pulp fibers and one mimicked classic stress-strain behavior of fiber were applied to a micromechanical simulation of random fiber networks. Both the experimental results and the micromechanical simulations indicated that fiber bonding has an important role not only in determining the strength but also the elongation of fiber networks. Additionally, the results indicate that the shape of the stress-strain curve of individual pulp fibers may have a significant influence on the shape of the stress-strain curve of a paper sheet. A large increase in elongation and strength of paper can be reached only by strengthening fiber-fiber bonding, as demonstrated by the experimental handsheets containing starch and cellulose microfibrils and by the micromechanical simulations. The key conclusion related to this investigation was that simulated uniform inter-fiber bond strength does not influence the shape of the stress-strain curve of the fiber network until the bonds fail, whereas the number of bonds has an influence on the activation of the fiber network and on the shape of the whole stress-strain curve.
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