Z􀀀ECF and Z􀀀TCF Bleaching of Softwood Kraft Pulp

Abstract
The use of chlorine-based reagents during pulp bleaching leads to several concerns related to
the production of toxic compounds in both the paper itself and in the process water. Fortunately,
it is possible to reduce their use with oxygen-based chemicals. Today kraft cooking is typically
followed by OO-D-Eop-D in case of ECF bleaching or OO-Z/D-Eop-D in case of Z-ECF
bleaching. A final hydrogen peroxide stage can complete these standard bleaching sequences
for higher brightness ceiling and stability.
It is well agreed Z-ECF bleaching allows for similar or better pulp characteristics than ECF
bleaching with hardwood pulp. However, that point is still a matter of concern with softwood
pulp for some experts. The present paper reviews different lab and industrial results showing
competitiveness of environmentally friendly Z-ECF bleaching considering pulp quality,
chemistry, and economic aspects. 

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