Z-direction Chemical Analysis for New Application Methods, TAPPICon22
In conventional wet-end chemical addition during paper production, chemical distribution through the z-direction of
the sheet can be assumed to be approximately uniform. With a nontraditional chemical dosing approach, such as
foam-assisted additive addition, the chemistry can appear at different concentrations throughout the sheet, typically
in a z-direction gradient. To fully understand the strength properties of the sheet, it is helpful to view or quantify the
chemical distribution through the sheet in the z-direction. One qualitative method uses a dye technique along with
confocal laser scanning microscopy to generate an image where the relative chemical concentration can be observed.
A quantitative method involves compiling nitrogen analyses of layered subsections of the sheet into a composite
graph of relative chemical concentration through the z-direction of the sheet. Chemical distribution analysis can be
paired with traditional z-direction strength tests, such as Scott bond and z-direction tensile, to help one understand
and improve the chemical addition process and its effects.
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