Water chemistry challenges in pulping and papermaking – fundamentals and practical insights: Part 2: Conductivity, charge, and hardness, TAPPI Journal June 2023

 


Application: By gaining comprehensive and fundamental understanding on how conductivity, charge, and hardness affects wet end chemistry, mills can be better prepared to address water challenges on a paper machine for more efficient operation.

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Author: Przemyslaw Pruszynski, Lebo Xu, and Peter W. Hart
Water chemistry challenges in pulping and papermaking • fund
ABSTRACT: Although water is essential to the papermaking process, papermakers often overlook its importance and focus on fibers, fillers, and chemical additives. A better understanding of water properties and chemical interactions associated with water at the wet end leads to a sound foundation for high-quality paper production and smooth operation. Water is an excellent solvent for ionic substances, both organic and inorganic. These substances contribute to system conductivity, charge, and hardness and significantly impact the papermaking process. Part 1 of this paper, published in TAPPI J. 21(6): 313(2022), discussed fundamental water properties, water chemistry, and the impact of pH on pulping and papermaking operations. In this paper, we review definitions, sources, and the typical symptoms of the effect of conductivity, charge, and hardness on the productivity of the papermaking process. Sources of conductivity, charge, and hardness impacting these factors, measurement methods, and available correction strategies for their control are also discussed.
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