Extraction and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) From Cassava Stem Biomass and Their Application in Printing Ink and Methylene Blue Biosorption, 23TAPPICon

Cellulosic materials are sustainable and have found applications in numerous products including thickeners for printing inks. Textile printing ink was developed in this study using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from cassava stem waste as thickeners. 38 % NaOH, 15 g monochloro acetic acid (MCA) and 180 min (reaction time) is the optimum condition. At the ratio of 22.45:1 for the CMC and CNCs, the ink exhibited optimum viscosity of 24 Pa.s at 20 rpm. The Addition of CNC particles within the range of 0 to 9 wt% loading caused a slight increase in the overall viscosity of the printing ink. The printing ink flow curve is highly non-Newtonian and pseudoplastic. Also, the removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution was studied using CNCs from cassava stem extracted via acid hydrolysis and converted to 2, 2, 6, 6- tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) CNCs. CNC yield from cassava stem was 72 %. X-ray analysis showed high crystallinity index. The CNCs exhibited high absorption capacity, and response surface methodology (RSM) showed an optimal dye removal of 76 % at 0.4 mg of CNC, 14 mins and pH of 2, indicating that CNCs from cassava stem can also be used in particle removal from effluents.

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