Black liquor spray properties in-furnace conditions for swirl cone nozzles TAPPI Journal July 2026

 


Application: Spray characteristics of swirl cone nozzles were experimentally quantified under in-furnace conditions. Measured spray velocity, opening angle, and droplet size distributions provide a basis for selecting nozzle designs and optimizing operating practices to improve char-bed control and mitigate furnace fouling and emissions. In addition, these data support rigorous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling.

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