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Y. Ming and H. T. Davis, University of Minnesota K. Takamura, BASF Corporation J. L. Vodnick. Potlatch Corporation
Low voltage scanning electron microscopy, especially high resolution backscattered electron images with composition contrast enhancement by staining latex particles, has been used to examine latex film formation, latex particle deformation, distribution, and binding in paper coatings. The three stages of latex film formation are imaged. Latex particles are not coalesced in the pigmented latex film. Calendering or annealing further deforms latex particles that are only slightly deformed in uncalendered and unannealed paper coatings. Calendering has a bigger effect on latex particle deformation in clay coatings than in calcium carbonate coatings. Crushed calcium carbonate particles are observed in calendered calcium carbonate coatings. The latex particles are irregularly distributed in paper coatings.
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Latex Particle Behavior in Paper Coatings Examined By Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy, 1995