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An equilibrium model was used to study the effects of bleach plant closure; in particular, the need for removal of non-process elements (NPEs) in order to avoid scaling was quantified. Simulations showed that countercurrent washing in the bleach plant could be possible if slightly more than half of the calcium is removed before the cook. An experimental study showed that an extensive removal of most NPEs can indeed be accomplished by an acid chip leaching ("chip kidney"). The study also confirmed that the content of the NPEs studied was substantially lower in pulp obtained from these pretreated chips than in pulp from untreated wood chips. Material balances for a reference mill showed the feasibility of the chip kidney concept with respect to the overall water balance, but more experimental work will be required before a chip kidney can be put into an operation in a real mill.
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Effects of the Use of an NPE Chip Kidney in a Closed Bleach Plant, 2002 International Pulp Bleaching