Development of Environmentally Friendly Neutral Wet-Strength Agents, 1996 Papermakers Conference Proceedings
This paper reviews the development of PAAE resins, from the early days when AOX was not an important consideration, through the AOX reduced resins to the newest chlorine free resin. The review starts by defining the terms organic halogen (OX), inorganic, total halogen and adsorbable organic halogen (AOX). The advantages and disadvantages of using AOX and OX analytical methods are then discussed. The formation of organic chlorine and chlorine containing organic by-products in the manufacturing process is explained (e.g. DCP and chloropropandiol CPD). The impact of these by-products and the polymer on the AOX content in the waste water is considered. The distribution of chlorine and by-products added with the wet strength agent, going into the paper, the air and the water during the papermaking stage is discussed. The progress in the reduction of DCP, CPD, AOX and organic chlorine during the last ten years is....
Development of Environmentally Friendly Neutral Wet-Strength Agents, 1996 Papermakers Conference Pro