Difficult Furnishes, 1999 Papermakers Conference Proceedings
Martin A. Hubbe
Changes in paper furnish are making it harder to achieve targets of retention, drainage, formation, and strength. This review takes a closer look at components that tend to make furnish difficult. Prime examples are increasing filler levels, dissolved and colloidal anionic materials, high levels of fines, high conductivity, contaminants, and fibers lacking in ability to form bonds. The review also considers chemical additives and strategies which papermakers use to cope with each furnish deficiency and maintain retention, drainage, formation, and strength at desired levels. The chemical additives and strategies can work by affecting the structure, surface area, state of agglomeration, surface properties, or relative bonded area of the components of a paper sheet.
Difficult Furnishes, 1999 Papermakers Conference Proceedings