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Electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX), an electrochemical separation technique, is being developed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for difficult cation and anion separations in industrial process and waste streams. ESIX provides an alternative separation method to conventional ion exchange technology. While ESIX is being developed for general anion and cation separations [1], this paper focuses on the selective removal of potassium cations. Experimental work has shown a selectivity factor of 30 for potassium in high sodium content solutions [2]. To accurately model the impact of potassium and chloride buildup due to increased recycle of mill effluent streams, new simulation tools have been integrated into WinGEMS. WinGEMS is used to evaluate recycle strategies and how new technologies like ESIX impact potassium and chloride levels throughout the mill. A new pulp sorption model has been developed that includes sodium and potassium competition for pulp binding sites, as well as pH effects. The WinGEMS Kraft recovery furnace model has been enhanced to handle potassium and chloride compounds. Results from a full mill simulation show that using ESIX to treat the precipitator catch and ash from the recovery boiler can lower the potassium levels in “as fired” black liquor by 35%, decreasing ash and dust stickiness.
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