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In this study, flash x-ray radiography (FXR) is used to visualize air flows in a suspension of unprinted newsprint (ONP) at various consistencies and air injection rates, FXR provides stop-motion images of air bubbles rising through the opaque ONP suspension because air has a significantly different x-ray attenuation coefficient compared to water, while wood pulp and water have similar attenuation coefficients. Qualitative observations of these air/water/fiber flow conditions are reported and compared to those obtained in a simple air/water system. The radiographic images reveal that gas flow characteristics are substantially altered in the presence of fibers, implying that conclusions drawn in an air/water system may be drastically different from those actually obtained in an air/water/fiber system.
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Observations of the Bubble Dynamics in a Pulp Suspension Using Flash X-Ray Radiography, 1997 Enginee